[“Good Friends” aims to help the North Korean people from
a humanistic point of view and publishes “North Korea
Today” describing the way the North Korean people live as accurately as
possible. We at Good Friends also hope to be a bridge between the North Korean
people and the world.]
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Drought and Lack of Fertilizer Result in
Worst Crops This Year
Each Cabinet Office Struggles to Meet
Its Target for Fertilizer Purchase
NK Officials Based in China Avoid
Visiting Officials from NK
The Path of Independent National
Economy, a Shame for the Word Independent
“Juche-steel Has Virtually Failed”
Textile Production Is Not Going Well
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Drought and Lack of Fertilizer
Result in Worst Crops This Year
Many farmers are becoming increasingly
distressed as they are unable to water their fields. Moreover, because of the scorching mid-June
heat, many farmers have become weak or have fainted while working. To make
matters worse, the authorities do not have a set plan to prevent farmers from
severe malnutrition or heatstroke and they certainly do not have an extra
supply of water for these distressed farmers. Conditions in North Korea have
become so difficult that even government officials say among themselves, “These
conditions may equate to those of national disasters.” One official from Haeju City, South Hwanghae
Province, said shaking his head, “Every year we say this is the worst year, but
this year is the absolute worst in our history.” He further explained in despair, “Because the
three main components of good agriculture - fertilizer, water, and labor - are
severely lacking, we have to sustain ourselves on grass porridge, and even that
now seems difficult. The aridity of the ground hinders grass growth, and the
increased periods of drought have resulted in contaminated water, propelling
the spread of diseases. Patients are crowding the hospitals and demanding
medicine, but there is none. There is no hope right now.”
An
officer at a collective farm in Sahriwon, North Hwanhae Province, declared that
he did not expect any crops because of a lack of fertilizer. “It’s not a matter
of fertilizer shortages for the farming season. There just isn’t any to begin
with. I thought the Heungnam fertilizer factory would produce some but I
haven’t heard anything from them. The little fertilizer we get from now and
then all come from China. Because we are designated for providing army
provisions, the Defense Ministry officials told the trade officers abroad to
get fertilizer from Chinese traders for a higher price, promising to pay back
in the fall. At first, the suppliers
refused the deal, saying payment needs to be made first. However, after
realizing the harsh situation we were in, they agreed to provide fertilizers on
credit. And yet, the amount is still
very far from being enough.” North Korea
needs to import 500,000 tons of fertilizer, but the government decided to purchase
only 200,000 tons because it lacks funds. Even that amount is difficult to
secure because of the Chinese government’s control over its fertilizer export.
Each Cabinet Office Struggles to
Meet Its Target for Fertilizer Purchase
North
Korean farms are experiencing severe shortages of fertilizer this year. It is
almost impossible to find domestic fertilizers. Each sub-cabinet office had
been tasked to secure fertilizers, and some low-quality fertilizers were
imported from China through March and April. “In the beginning, the fertilizer
purchase assignment was given to the Ministry of Foreign Trade, but it was
later reassigned to the Internal Cabinet with a target of securing 200,000 tons
of nitrogen and urea fertilizers. The Trade Department was reassigned with food
purchase.
The government suggested that each trade officer
contribute as much as they could according to their conscience, and everyone
was trying to figure out how much food would be the proper amount to submit. In
the cabinet, if the officers submit money or fertilizer to fulfill their
fertilizer assignment, they will get a waiver of their personal contribution to
the country at the end of the year consummate to the amount they submit now.
Half of the fertilizer assignment target is taken care of by the cabinet
officials within the country while the other half is given to the officials who
are sent overseas by the cabinet unit. For instance, the Ministry of Physical
Culture and Sports will collect a ton of fertilizer, or its equivalent in
funds, inside the country while the other half will be provided by its staff
overseas. “We try to manage the shortage by importing Chinese fertilizer but
the amount is not sufficient,” a cabinet official admitted.
NK Officials Based in China Avoid
Visiting Officials from NK
North Korean officials who are stationed
in China are increasingly trying to avoid meeting any newly-appointed NK
officials visiting China. Taking care of these visitors seems to be a more
difficult task than their official assignments.
Upon their arrival, overseas
officials are expected to take care of the visitors completely by providing
meals and accommodation, and even sending them off with gifts when they return
to North Korea. An official at the Central Party explained, “In the old days,
the authorities encouraged the overseas officials to be patriotic when
performing their tasks but now they simply impose heavier workloads and
threaten them to complete them. No way that the overseas officials would
welcome this practice. There was a major turnover in staff at the overseas
offices last September. Since last October, with the exception of a few top
officials, most of officials have been replaced in the trade offices inside
North Korea as well. Most of those fired were sent to prisons or to revolution
education. In general, their positions were filled by new faces. Now the
newly-appointed officials are coming to visit China for the first time with
their official titles, the officials in overseas representative offices have
more things to take care of. They have to introduce the new officials to
Chinese traders and train them on diplomatic procedures as well as everyday
conduct. Moreover, they need to take care of the visitors’ meals and
accommodation as well. For all these reasons, the overseas officials are
reluctant to meet the new officials at all.”
The Path of Independent National
Economy, a Shame for the Word Independent
The three main nationalistic pillars of
economic independence, Juche-steel, Juche-fertilizer, and Juche-fiber, are not likely to be
revived. These concepts are now often
uttered in a self-deprecating tone as being independent is no longer believed
possible. Earlier this year, before the announcement of the first year of the
“Strong and Prosperous Nation 2012,” the national propaganda had been declaring
that “A solid foundation is created by aggressively pursuing Juche-steel, Juche- fertilizer, and Juche-
fiber,” but production is much lower than demand.
Chairman Kim
Jung-il once declared that, “Building an independent national economy means a
country developing its economy by using its own people’s power and natural
resources. It is an economy that is
walking on its own feet, serving its own people and not subordinate to anyone
else.”
“Juche-steel Has Virtually Failed”
The steel material required for the
construction of the 100,000 houses in Pyongyang has been imported from China.
It was originally planned to be procured from Kimchaek Steel Mill in Chongjin,
North Hamgyong Province. One official of the Central Party reported that they
were initially pleased about the prospect thanks to the success of the method
for producing Juche-steel, but ultimately the result was a failure. “In January
last year, the propaganda was exceedingly fierce due to the attainment of the
knowledge on the process of producing steel by the oxygen thermodynamics which
is one of the most cutting-edge scientific technologies in the world. We
thought all the houses and common service facilities would be completed by
April 15th at the latest. However, we soon realized that we shouldn’t rely on
the Juche-steel production. Kimchaek Steel Mill was a little bit better than
other steel mills due to the national attention and support, but it definitely
didn’t meet our level of expectation. Producing less than half of what is
expected, people at the mill are now speechless. It still is not producing well
this year. The Central Party cannot just overlook this and arrested many
technicians responsible for the failure.”
One official
in Chongjin confided, “It is true that our new experiment succeeded last year.
We have four bigger size furnaces and four smaller ones in Kimchaek steel mill,
and we made a separate small furnace for an experiment. Even though the
experiment was successful in the small one, errors always occur while using
actual size furnaces. That’s why the experiment should be started with a big
size furnace, but to do so requires huge amount of money, material and labor as
failures tend to happen many times. We didn’t have the money, time, and
know-how for that. It was too much for us in the first place.”
As they are
currently relying on imports due to the low level of Juche-steel production,
the completion of housing construction is delayed indefinitely. A short while
ago North Korea reported, “The skeleton assembly of tens of high-rise apartment
buildings at the Pyongyang housing construction site has been completed
successfully”. However, there still remain places without the framework
completed, let alone the interior work. The end of this year is the new goal
for completion, but people wonder what percentage can be done with the shortage
of both material and funds.
Textile Production Is Not Going
Well
Last May, a large volume of cotton and fabric goods were imported from
China to North Korea. One official in Sinuiju, North Pyongan province said,
“The people who are buying new clothes belong to the rich class. Most people
barely can cover themselves well. People cannot afford to think about their
clothing because their concern for food is so pressing. But the clothing issue
is also serious. Our country’s textile production is so bad, and our only
choice is to import from China. However, how many people do you think are
really concerned about their clothes when they have no food to eat? I tend to
remain silent because it is too shameful to talk about, and I just sigh when I
see people wearing shabby clothes. This indicates that the production of
Juche-fiber is not going well contrary to the predictions.” This means that the
2.8 Vinalon* Factory is not meeting the expectations for production.
One official of the Central Party said,
“At first the 2.8 Vinalon Factory was going to be shut down during the period
of the third 7 year plan. Instead, they planned to develop the Sooncheon
Chemical Cooperative Enterprise into a huge Vinalon factory, but as every one
already expected, the plan failed. 16 years after that, Comrade Kim Jong-il
expressed his strong will for the factory's reconstruction. The outcome was not
good. Shouldn’t we have by now Vinalon fabric and blankets on the shelves in
state-operated markets and regular markets? It is difficult to find even one
meter of ordinary cloth, not to mention any Vinalon and blankets. Recently,
even the army uniforms have been imported from China. If you go to the border
area, our soldiers are not distinguishable from Chinese soldiers from a
distance. Despite its poor production, we thought the 2.8 Vinalon Factory would
be able to supply army uniforms at the very least, but even that is not
possible.” Although 2.8 Vinalon Factory has been reconstructed after 16 years,
it faces the same difficulties of a shortage of raw materials, shortage of
electricity, and out-dated technology.
* Vinalon: A synthetic fiber invented by
North Korean scientist called Lee Seung-ki, two years after the invention of
nylon. This fiber is close to cotton that Kim Il-sung awarded Vinalon as the
Juche Fiber.
